The Sun
Through another heat transfer, violent upward and downward motions occur until the heat reaches the surface called the convection zone. The surface of the sun has dark areas called sunspots. There are areas where magnetic forces are strong, causing solar particles to be closer to each other. A number of sunspots vanish and follow a regular pattern every 11 years. This change in the number of sunspots from none to hundreds is called the sunspots cycle.
The photosphere is a visible layer of the sun where solar particles are closer to each other as compared to the chromosphere and corona. The chromosphere is the outer layer which has a faint crown of gas called corona. During a total eclipse, the corona of the sun can be seen from Earth because of its temperature which is higher than that of the surface.
The sun also has sudden emissions of fires from the solar system core to the corona known as solar flares. The glaring fountains of light from the solar flare units are called solar filaments that emit colorful streaks of light at the northern and southern horizons known as aurora borealis and aurora australis, respectively.
